{"id":3838,"date":"2025-11-17T00:00:00","date_gmt":"2025-11-17T00:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/lp.szlogic.cn\/glossary\/dispersion-shifted-fibers-high-speed-long-distance-optical-data\/"},"modified":"2026-06-22T05:02:14","modified_gmt":"2026-06-22T05:02:14","slug":"dispersion-shifted-fibers-high-speed-long-distance-optical-data","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/resources.l-p.com\/vi\/glossary\/dispersion-shifted-fibers-high-speed-long-distance-optical-data","title":{"rendered":"S\u1ee3i Quang D\u1ecbch Chuy\u1ec3n T\u00e1n X\u1ea1 (DSF) L\u00e0 G\u00ec? Kh\u00e1m Ph\u00e1 S\u00e2u V\u1ec1 Quang H\u1ecdc T\u1ed1c \u0110\u1ed9 Cao"},"content":{"rendered":"
\"Dispersion-shifted<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Trong n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c kh\u00f4ng ng\u1eebng ngh\u1ec9 nh\u1eb1m \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 truy\u1ec1n d\u1eef li\u1ec7u nhanh h\u01a1n v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1ng tin c\u1eady h\u01a1n, x\u01b0\u01a1ng s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a m\u1ea1ng internet to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u\u2014s\u1ee3i quang khi\u00eam t\u1ed1n\u2014\u0111\u00e3 li\u00ean t\u1ee5c ti\u1ebfn h\u00f3a. M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 s\u1ee3i quang \u0111\u01a1n mode ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n \u0111\u00e3 c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng h\u00f3a vi\u1ec5n th\u00f4ng, ch\u00fang l\u1ea1i g\u00e2y ra m\u1ed9t th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c v\u1eadt l\u00fd c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n: t\u00e1n s\u1eafc s\u1eafc \u0111\u1ed9<\/strong><\/a>. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 n\u01a1i m\u1ed9t \u201canh h\u00f9ng\u201d chuy\u00ean bi\u1ec7t xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n, S\u1ee3i quang d\u1ecbch chuy\u1ec3n t\u00e1n s\u1eafc (DSF)<\/strong>, b\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0o s\u00e2n kh\u1ea5u, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ec3 kh\u1eafc ph\u1ee5c ch\u00ednh gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n n\u00e0y v\u00e0 m\u1edf \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng cho c\u00e1c m\u1ea1ng truy\u1ec1n d\u1eabn xa v\u00e0 c\u00f3 dung l\u01b0\u1ee3ng cao m\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c ng\u00e0y nay.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

B\u00e0i vi\u1ebft n\u00e0y cung c\u1ea5p c\u00e1i nh\u00ecn to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n v\u1ec1 DSF l\u00e0 g\u00ec<\/strong>, c\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng, c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i kh\u00e1c nhau c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 v\u00e0 vai tr\u00f2 then ch\u1ed1t trong c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng truy\u1ec1n th\u00f4ng quang hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\ud83d\udcdd Hi\u1ec3u v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1: T\u00e1n s\u1eafc s\u1eafc m\u00e0u l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi \u0111i s\u00e2u v\u00e0o DSF, ch\u00fang ta c\u1ea7n hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 m\u00e0 n\u00f3 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft. Trong s\u1ee3i quang, t\u00e1n s\u1eafc s\u1eafc m\u00e0u (CD)<\/strong><\/a> l\u00e0 hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u00e0 c\u00e1c b\u01b0\u1edbc s\u00f3ng (ho\u1eb7c m\u00e0u s\u1eafc) kh\u00e1c nhau c\u1ee7a \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng di chuy\u1ec3n v\u1edbi t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 h\u01a1i kh\u00e1c nhau qua th\u1ee7y tinh.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

H\u00e3y t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u1ed9t nh\u00f3m v\u1eadn \u0111\u1ed9ng vi\u00ean c\u00f9ng xu\u1ea5t ph\u00e1t trong m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c \u0111ua.<\/strong> Sau m\u1ed9t qu\u00e3ng \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng d\u00e0i, m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 v\u1eadn \u0111\u1ed9ng vi\u00ean (b\u01b0\u1edbc s\u00f3ng ng\u1eafn h\u01a1n) s\u1ebd t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean v\u01b0\u01a1n l\u00ean d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ea7u, trong khi nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c (b\u01b0\u1edbc s\u00f3ng d\u00e0i h\u01a1n) b\u1ecb t\u1ee5t h\u1eadu. Xung \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng ban \u0111\u1ea7u b\u1ecb d\u00e0n r\u1ed9ng, tr\u1edf n\u00ean m\u1edd v\u00e0 y\u1ebfu h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u27a0 H\u1eadu qu\u1ea3:<\/strong> S\u1ef1 d\u00e0n r\u1ed9ng xung n\u00e0y g\u00e2y ra nhi\u1ec5u gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c k\u00fd hi\u1ec7u, khi\u1ebfn c\u00e1c bit d\u1eef li\u1ec7u li\u1ec1n k\u1ec1 h\u00f2a l\u1eabn v\u00e0o nhau. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi truy\u1ec1n th\u00f4ng kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch xa, \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 d\u1eef li\u1ec7u v\u00e0 kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch t\u1ed1i \u0111a \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n t\u00e1i t\u1ea1o t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Standard C\u00e1p quang \u0111\u01a1n mode (SMF)<\/strong><\/a> c\u00f3 b\u01b0\u1edbc s\u00f3ng t\u00e1n s\u1eafc b\u1eb1ng kh\u00f4ng<\/strong> \u1edf kho\u1ea3ng 1310 nm. Tuy nhi\u00ean, c\u1eeda s\u1ed5 1550 nm<\/strong> \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 r\u1ea5t cao v\u00ec t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u quang ch\u1ecbu suy hao th\u1ea5p nh\u1ea5t<\/strong> (m\u1ea5t t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u) t\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e2y. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t t\u00ecnh th\u1ebf ti\u1ebfn tho\u00e1i l\u01b0\u1ee1ng nan: ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng \u1edf 1310 nm v\u1edbi t\u00e1n s\u1eafc th\u1ea5p nh\u01b0ng suy hao cao, hay \u1edf 1550 nm v\u1edbi suy hao th\u1ea5p nh\u01b0ng t\u00e1n s\u1eafc cao? DSF ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p tinh t\u1ebf.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\ud83d\udcdd S\u1ee3i quang d\u1ecbch chuy\u1ec3n t\u00e1n s\u1eafc (DSF) l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

S\u1ee3i quang d\u1ecbch chuy\u1ec3n t\u00e1n s\u1eafc (DSF)<\/strong> l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i s\u1ee3i quang \u0111\u01a1n mode \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t nh\u1eb1m d\u1ecbch chuy\u1ec3n \u0111i\u1ec3m t\u00e1n s\u1eafc b\u1eb1ng kh\u00f4ng t\u1eeb b\u01b0\u1edbc s\u00f3ng t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean 1310 nm sang c\u1eeda s\u1ed5 1550 nm. B\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac ch\u1ec9 s\u1ed1 kh\u00fac x\u1ea1 l\u00f5i s\u1ee3i, c\u00e1c k\u1ef9 s\u01b0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u201cd\u1ecbch chuy\u1ec3n\u201d \u0111i\u1ec3m m\u00e0 t\u1ea1i \u0111\u00f3 t\u00e1n s\u1eafc s\u1eafc m\u00e0u b\u1eb1ng kh\u00f4ng sao cho tr\u00f9ng kh\u1edbp v\u1edbi \u0111i\u1ec3m suy hao c\u1ef1c ti\u1ec3u.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2705 Th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u c\u1ed1t l\u00f5i:<\/strong> DSF cho ph\u00e9p truy\u1ec1n t\u1ea3i d\u1eef li\u1ec7u t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 cao tr\u00ean kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch c\u1ef1c k\u1ef3 xa trong d\u1ea3i b\u01b0\u1edbc s\u00f3ng 1550 nm b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 c\u00e1c t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng suy gi\u1ea3m do t\u00e1n s\u1eafc s\u1eafc m\u00e0u.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Dispersion-Shifted<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\ud83d\udcdd DSF ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o?<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

B\u00ed quy\u1ebft c\u1ee7a DSF n\u1eb1m \u1edf thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf l\u00f5i tinh vi. Trong khi s\u1ee3i SMF ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n c\u00f3 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac ch\u1ec9 s\u1ed1 kh\u00fac x\u1ea1 d\u1ea1ng b\u1eadc thang \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n, DSF s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac l\u00f5i ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p h\u01a1n d\u1ea1ng tam gi\u00e1c ho\u1eb7c ph\u00e2n \u0111o\u1ea1n<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf n\u00e0y l\u00e0m thay \u0111\u1ed5i th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n t\u00e1n s\u1eafc h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn s\u00f3ng<\/strong> trong t\u1ed5ng t\u00e1n s\u1eafc s\u1eafc m\u00e0u. B\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng c\u1ea9n th\u1eadn gi\u1eefa t\u00e1n s\u1eafc v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u (\u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh v\u1ed1n c\u00f3 c\u1ee7a th\u1ee7y tinh) v\u00e0 t\u00e1n s\u1eafc h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn s\u00f3ng (do c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac s\u1ee3i t\u1ea1o ra), b\u01b0\u1edbc s\u00f3ng t\u00e1n s\u1eafc b\u1eb1ng kh\u00f4ng t\u1ed5ng th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c di chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ebfn v\u00f9ng 1550 nm mong mu\u1ed1n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\ud83d\udcdd C\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i s\u1ee3i quang d\u1ecbch chuy\u1ec3n t\u00e1n s\u1eafc<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf DSF ban \u0111\u1ea7u l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ed9t ph\u00e1, nh\u01b0ng l\u1ea1i g\u00e2y ra m\u1ed9t th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c m\u1edbi trong c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng gh\u00e9p k\u00eanh ph\u00e2n chia theo b\u01b0\u1edbc s\u00f3ng m\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed9 cao (DWDM)<\/strong><\/a> : c\u00e1c hi\u1ec7u \u1ee9ng phi tuy\u1ebfn nh\u01b0 tr\u1ed9n b\u1ed1n s\u00f3ng (FWM)<\/strong>. \u0110\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 n\u00e0y, m\u1ed9t th\u1ebf h\u1ec7 s\u1ee3i m\u1edbi \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

B\u1ea3ng d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y so s\u00e1nh c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i s\u1ee3i ch\u1ee7 ch\u1ed1t:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n<\/colgroup>

Lo\u1ea1i s\u1ee3i<\/p><\/th>

B\u01b0\u1edbc s\u00f3ng t\u00e1n s\u1eafc b\u1eb1ng kh\u00f4ng<\/p><\/th>

\u0110\u1eb7c t\u00ednh n\u1ed5i b\u1eadt<\/p><\/th>

\u1ee8ng d\u1ee5ng ch\u00ednh<\/p><\/th><\/tr>

S\u1ee3i quang \u0111\u01a1n mode ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n (SMF)<\/strong><\/p><\/td>

~1310 nm<\/p><\/td>

T\u00e1n s\u1eafc th\u1ea5p t\u1ea1i 1310 nm, suy hao cao t\u1ea1i 1550 nm.<\/p><\/td>

\u1ee8ng d\u1ee5ng kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch ng\u1eafn, LAN\/MAN.<\/p><\/td><\/tr>

S\u1ee3i quang d\u1ecbch chuy\u1ec3n t\u00e1n s\u1eafc (DSF)<\/strong><\/p><\/td>

~1550 nm<\/p><\/td>

T\u00e1n s\u1eafc v\u00e0 suy hao c\u1ef1c ti\u1ec3u t\u1ea1i 1550 nm.<\/p><\/td>

H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng truy\u1ec1n d\u1eabn xa \u0111\u01a1n b\u01b0\u1edbc s\u00f3ng<\/strong> .<\/p><\/td><\/tr>

S\u1ee3i quang d\u1ecbch chuy\u1ec3n t\u00e1n s\u1eafc kh\u00f4ng b\u1eb1ng kh\u00f4ng (NZ-DSF)<\/strong><\/p><\/td>

D\u1ecbch chuy\u1ec3n kh\u1ecfi 1550 nm (v\u00ed d\u1ee5: 1510\u20131580 nm)<\/p><\/td>

T\u00e1n s\u1eafc th\u1ea5p nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng b\u1eb1ng kh\u00f4ng trong d\u1ea3i 1550 nm.<\/p><\/td>

c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng DWDM<\/strong>, \u1ee9c ch\u1ebf c\u00e1c hi\u1ec7u \u1ee9ng phi tuy\u1ebfn.<\/p><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u27a0 NZ-DSF l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi k\u1ebf nhi\u1ec7m hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i<\/strong> v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tri\u1ec3n khai r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i trong c\u00e1c m\u1ea1ng l\u00f5i ng\u00e0y nay. Khi c\u00e1c chuy\u00ean gia th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c t\u1ed1i \u01b0u h\u00f3a m\u1ea1ng cho hi\u1ec7u n\u0103ng DWDM truy\u1ec1n d\u1eabn xa<\/strong>, h\u1ecd th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111ang \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh v\u01b0\u1ee3t tr\u1ed9i c\u1ee7a NZ-DSF.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\ud83d\udcdd \u01afu \u0111i\u1ec3m v\u00e0 \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

C\u00e1c \u01b0u \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u1ed5i b\u1eadt c\u1ee7a DSF\/NZ-DSF:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n